TOWARDS THE ACCURACY OF CYBERNETIC STRATEGY PLANNING MODELS: CAUSAL PROOF AND FUNCTION APPROXIMATION




Successful tricuspid valve repair and right atrial mass excision for calcified thrombus causing severe tricuspid regurgitation and near-occlusion of inferior vena cava

Abstract Background Calcified right atrial thrombus is rare and commonly occurs secondary to atrial fibrillation and long-term central venous catheterization which present risk click here for embolization.Treatment typically involves anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy but rarely surgical excision can be performed, especially in patients with

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